1 Maria wants to investigate the effects of light on plant growth. Which would be the best way to state her research question?

2 Using the following graph, at which temperature is the rate of photosynthesis the highest?

10 20 30 40

Temperature in degrees Celsius

Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.

Two related populations of butterflies live in the same forest. One population is tan and the other population is brown. Ecologists suspected that butterfly color somehow determines the numbers of butterflies. They conclude that tan butterflies are more easily preyed upon by birds because they stand out against the dark tree trunks. To test this idea, they mark an equal number of tan and brown butterflies, release them, and later trap the survivors. When they count the trapped butterflies, they find more brown ones than tan ones.

3 The ecologist’ idea than color influences the numbers of butterflies is:

4 The ecologists’ idea that tan butterflies are more easily found by birds is:

5 If the birds were seen eating more tan butterflies than brown ones, the conclusion would be:

6 Counting trapped butterflies did what to the conclusions about color?

7 A hypothesis explains:

8 A controlled experiment is important in that:

9 The branch of science that focuses on the study of heredity is:

10 Which letter indicates the approximate world population in the year 1950?

11 The American revolution began in 1776. Which letter indicates the approximate world population at that time?

12 The current rate of population growth will result in a coubling of the would population every 39 years. If nothing is done to change this rate, what

will be the approximate world population in the year 2039?

13 Objects moved to the right on the stage of a light microscope will appear to move:

14 The field of view in a microscope decreases when:

15 A light microscope with a 10x ocular and a 40x objective will have a total magnification of:

16 The fact that an amoeba divides into two is related to the healing of skin in what general way?

17 The basic unit of structure and function of living things is the:

18 Which structure helps to maintain homeostasis within a multicellular organism through the exchange of materials with other nearby cells?

19 The storage of hereditary information in eukaryotic cells is in the:

20 Living things:

21 Which of the following is characteristic of all living things:

22 A muscle cell probably contains large numbers of:

23 All of the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except:

24 All of the following statements are true except:

25 Two structures found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells are the:

26 Which of the following is part of the cell theory? All cells:

27 Prokaryotic cells have no:

28 Which organelle performs transport in the cell?

29 Plant cells are surrounded by a rigid:

30 Cells grow and divide at an abnormally high rate in:

31 The period of cell growth prior to mitosis is:

32 Place the following phases of mitosis according to the order in which they occur.

Anaphase Prophase Telophase Metaphase

33 The cell spends most of its time in which stage of its life cycle?

34 The division of the nucleus so that the chromosome number remains the same is:

35 This diagram represents which stage of mitosis?

36 If a cell contains ten chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell?

37 Cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm) usually follows division of the nucleus. What cell function involves both cytokinesis and division of the nucleus? (I) binary fission as a single cell divides in two (II) gamete formation as reproductive cells are created (III) protein synthesis as amino acids are linked together

38 Chromosomes move toward the poles of a cell during:

39 An organism which reproduces every half hour has generated 64 offspring after 3 hours. What method of reproduction is most likely?

40 The inner wall of the digestive tract in many organisms is folded many times. Why is this an important characteristic? (I) the folds increase the surface area of the digestive tract (II) the folds reduce the amount of water lost during the digestive process (III) the folds allow more food to be digested by smaller animals

41 Which best describes active transport?

42 An animal cell is placed in a solution of distilled water. If left overnight, this cell would:

43 Diffusion takes place as molecules:

44 The process illustrated in the drawing above is called:

45 A membrane that selects which molecules will enter or leave the cell is called a:

46 Movement of molecules into a cell from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration and requires energy is called:

47 If an egg yolk is placed in distilled water and left overnight, the egg yolk will probably:

48 The shrinking of a plant cell away from the cell wall is caused by:

49 Facilitated diffusion through the plasma membrane is assisted by:

50 When you perspire on a hot, humid day, drinking water will restore ________ in your body.

51 You have cultivated a small garden, making sure to add some rich composted manure. The plants are wilting, although there was rain before you added the manure. A possible solution is to add:

52 Homeostasis can best be defined as the:

53 Which is the best example of a multicellular organism maintaining internal homeostasis?

54 A white cut flower placed in a beaker of distilled water with ink added to it will soon turn the color of the ink. Why does this experiment set-up demonstrate osmosis better than other types of diffusion? (I) A semipermeable membrane is used. (II) Movement of water molecules is detectable (III) Diffusion is demonstrated better than osmosis

55 If the sequence of nucleotides on one side of a DNA molecule is A C A G T T C G A C G T, the sequence of nucleotides on the other side is

56 A molecule of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are formed by:

57 Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand was made?

58 What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by the piece of mRNA shown?

59 The scientist(s) who developed the DNA model was/were:

60 Which of the following nitrogen bases is NOT found in DNA?

Transcription Translation

Molecule A Molecule B Product

61 In the above series of reaction, molecule A would be:

62 The final product of this series of reactions is:

63 What is (are) made during transcription?

64 The process of meiosis is a type of cell division that results in cells with:

65 Which diagram represents fertilizaton?

66 A section of DNA that controls the production of a protein is called:

67 A cell that is not identical to either parent but with alleles of both is produced by:

68 Alleles of unlinked genes assort independently during meiosis. How is this important in maintaining genetic variation?

69 A recessive allele is one whose effects on the phenotype (visible characteristics) are:

70 You have been hired as a genetic researcher to develop practical applications of genetic engineering for the disease hemophilia. Hemophilia is a genetic disease caused by a recessive allele linked to the X chromosome, resulting in the inability, or reduced ability, of the blood to clot. Individuals with hemophilia bleed severely, even if only slightly injured. Which genetic engineering technique would you use to find an effective treatment or cure for this disease?

(I) Develop a chemical technique for operation to repair the damaged gene.

(II) Use bacteria to produce the necessary clotting factor, which could then be given to the patient.

(III) Develop a technique for inserting copies of the correct gene into many of the appropriate cells of the patient.

71 Twins are considered identical if they:

72 Using a Punnett square, predict the results for the offspring if a homozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous short plant.

73 Flowers known as four o’clocks may be red, white, or pink. The genes show incomplete dominance. If a red and white gene are inherited, the flower is pink. If two red genes are inherited, it will be red. What happens if you cross two pink plants?

The following questions refer to the Punnett square below. In plants, having red fruit (R) is dominant. Having yellow fruit (r) is recessive.

74 The offspring that would be represented in box 1 would:

75 Which box represents a plant that has yellow fruit?

76 The parental generation shown could have offspring with a phenotype ratio of:

77 A cell containing a full set of chromosomes is:

78 In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have:

79 When crossing over takes place, chromosomes:

80 Since the gene for colorblindness is located on the X chromosome, colorblindness:

81 The scientist who proposed the theory of evolution based on natural selection is:

82 In a routine manner, antibiotics are now added to feed on many farms to prevent diseases in the animals. This is considered a poor practice because:

83 A peacock displaying its tail while strutting past a peahen promotes the survival of the species by:

84 The presence of certain seemingly useless structures in the human body, such as the appendix, most likely is an indication that:

85 A massive eruption of a volcano occurs, filling the atmosphere with enough dust to reduce the amount of sunlight the earth receives by 75%. If this situation lasts for 5 years, what is most likely to occur?

86 The variety in shape of birds’ beaks is an example of:

87 The vestigial hind limbs in whales suggest that at one time these hind limbs were:

88 Changes over a period of time in the genetic makeup of an organism is known as:

89 The process by which many different species develop from a common ancestor is:

91 The process which occurs when organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than those lacking such traits is:

92 Digestion starts in the mouth with the aid of an enzyme called:

93 Disease-causing agents are called:

94 In humans, absorption of digested food occurs mainly in the:

95 As blood travels through capillaries,

96 Most bones develop from:

97 Muscle cells contract by the action of nerve impulses and the energy of:

98 All of the following are advantages of endoskeletons except that they:

99 The organ that acts as a chemical factory and as a storehouse for reserve carbohydrates is the:

100 Which part of blood is important in fighting infections?